Level 5 · Science S5.6

Energetics, rates and equilibrium

Energy changes, reaction speeds and equilibrium tell us how far and how fast a reaction goes.

Planned. This book is not written yet. Below is its plan, which a teacher can already use.

You are ready for this book if

You can calculate moles from a mass and balance a symbol equation.

The plan

  1. S5.6.1 Enthalpy changes
    • Calculate an enthalpy change from a temperature rise in water
    • Draw enthalpy profile diagrams that show activation energy
  2. S5.6.2 Hess's law and bond enthalpies
    • Use Hess's law cycles to find enthalpy changes
    • Calculate an enthalpy change from mean bond enthalpies
  3. S5.6.3 Born-Haber cycles
    • Construct a Born-Haber cycle to find lattice enthalpy
    • Explain enthalpies of solution and hydration
  4. S5.6.4 Entropy and free energy
    • Predict the sign of the entropy change for a reaction
    • Use Gibbs free energy to decide if a reaction is feasible
  5. S5.6.5 Rates and catalysts
    • Explain rate changes using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
    • Explain how catalysts lower the activation energy
  6. S5.6.6 Rate equations
    • Find orders of reaction from data and graphs
    • Use the Arrhenius equation to find activation energy
  7. S5.6.7 Dynamic equilibrium
    • Use Le Chatelier's principle to predict shifts in equilibrium
    • Explain the compromise conditions used in the Haber process
  8. S5.6.8 Equilibrium constants
    • Write expressions for Kc and Kp and calculate them
    • Explain how temperature changes the value of K

For parents and teachers

Level 5 fits learners who can already: read a textbook. use functions and graphs. In many schools that is about 17 to 20, but start wherever the learner is.

Strand: Matter. Written and drawn by attnom. Free to read, print and share.