M4.5.7 For the adult

Density and pressure

Why does a big block of wood float, while a small iron nail sinks?

What this chapter teaches

Density is mass divided by volume, in g/cm³ or kg/m³. Water is about 1 g/cm³, so things denser than water sink. Pressure is force divided by area, in N/m², which is called pascals. The same force on a smaller area gives a bigger pressure.

Three questions to ask

There is no one right wording. Listen for the idea.

  1. Why does a huge log float when a small nail sinks?
  2. How would you find the mass of a block if you know its size and what it is made of?
  3. Why does a sharp knife cut better than a blunt one, if you push with the same force?

After the chapter, the learner can

  • Use density = mass ÷ volume to find any one of the three
  • Use pressure = force ÷ area
  • Find the mass of a block from its size and density

What they copy into their notebook

Density = mass ÷ volume. Water is about 1 g/cm³. Pressure = force ÷ area. N/m² is the pascal. 1 N/cm² = 10 000 N/m². Smaller area, bigger pressure.

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